Ethical Philosophies Sometimes, when faced with a situation within murky ethical waters, there are difficult decisions to make. This is not made easier by the various philosophical outlooks available today, some of which would provide contradictory advice. The ethics of Emmanuel Kant, John Stuart Mill, John Rawls, and Aristotle might, for example provide widely different viewpoints on whether a charitable donation should be accepted from a business person whose main income is from selling drugs. Ultimately, the choice lies with the individual, and the main question must be whether the person who accepts the donation can reasonably live with the final decision he or she makes.

According to Johnson (2010), Kant's categorical imperative focuses on the command and action, divorcing the action from premeditated or related goals. It applies unconditionally to the imperative to engage in action such as leaving something alone or taking something. This can be applied to the donation from two perspectives: The command could be to take the donation regardless of its connection to the...

It could also be to refuse the donation, regardless of the good it could do for the recipients of the charity's services. In such a case, the most desirable decision might be the one with the greatest effect. Not accepting the donation, for example, would not have any effect on the business person's sale of drugs to the local population. Accepting the donation is therefore most usefully connected to the fact that it would make a difference to the lives of the population, whereas not accepting it would make no such difference. From this point-of-view, the acceptance imperative appears most ethical.
West (2012) holds that John Stuart Mills' view of ethics is that the greater good should always be served. If greater good is produced by engaging in the action than by not engaging in it, the best course of action is to engage. This is also the case with the donation. As mentioned above, no difference in the sale of drugs to the population would be accomplished either by accepting or not accepting the donation. Accepting…